S. 5025 — Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia Act of 2026

This section defines terms used in the title, including "adequate maritime insurance" (which excludes coverage from Russian insurers), "Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" (which covers 12 specific entities and their successors), "critical infrastructure" in Ukraine (which spans 19 sectors), "military invasion" (which includes cyberattacks and blockades), and "Russian person."

This section requires the President, within 30 days of enactment and every 180 days thereafter, to review and impose sanctions on listed Russian government officials, including the President, Prime Minister, Minister of Defense, and other senior military and civilian leaders. It also mandates sanctions on foreign persons who supply goods or services to Russia’s defense industrial base, facilitate transactions with its armed forces, undermine Ukraine’s government or infrastructure, or engage in corruption or human rights abuses on behalf of the Russian government, and requires identification of related vessels as blocked property.

This section requires the President to impose sanctions on the Central Bank of Russia and its subsidiaries, and all specified sanctions on Sberbank, VTB Bank, Gazprombank, other Russian government-owned financial institutions, their subsidiaries, and foreign banks engaging in significant transactions with them, within 30 days of enactment. It also requires sanctions on leaders and principal shareholders of those institutions, prohibits United States persons from transactions with the listed banks, mandates reviews and updates every 180 days after 210 days, and exempts payments on loans to Ukraine serviced with immobilized Russian sovereign assets.

This section requires the President to review, within 30 days of enactment and every 180 days thereafter, any entity in which the Government of the Russian Federation holds a controlling or majority ownership interest or other affiliation, and to impose sanctions blocking all property and interests in property of such entities if located in the United States or under the control of a United States person.

This section prohibits depository institutions and securities brokers or dealers registered with the SEC from processing transfers of funds to or from the Government of the Russian Federation or its entities, or for the direct or indirect benefit of Russian government officials, effective 30 days after enactment. It permits such transfers if authorized by a specific or general license.

This section directs the Securities and Exchange Commission to prohibit trading on national securities exchanges of securities issued by Russian government officials or affiliated individuals and by entities in which the Government of the Russian Federation holds a controlling or majority ownership interest, within 30 days after enactment.

This section prohibits, effective 30 days after enactment, new investment in the Russian Federation by United States persons. It also bars United States persons from exporting, reexporting, selling, or supplying services identified by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to any person in Russia, and from approving, financing, facilitating, or guaranteeing such transactions by foreign persons.

This section prohibits new investment in the Russian energy sector by United States persons and the export, reexport, or in-country transfer to or in Russia of any energy or energy product produced in the United States, effective 30 days after enactment. It requires the President to impose sanctions on any foreign person that knowingly sells, supplies, transfers, markets, or provides goods, services, technology, or support facilitating the maintenance or expansion of production of oil, uranium, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, petroleum, petroleum products, petrochemical products, coal, or coal products for use by persons subject to sanctions under sections 102 or 103.

This section directs the President to review, within 30 days of enactment and every 180 days thereafter, any entity that operates global financial messaging services and is knowingly used to circumvent sanctions under section 103 or this title, and to impose sanctions under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act on such entities and their leaders or principal shareholders. It authorizes a waiver if the entity is subject to a comparable foreign sanctions regime that it enforces or if it provides significant messaging services to U.S. financial institutions.

This section directs the President to prohibit imports of uranium from the Russian Federation, including from Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation or any subsidiary or successor entity, upon enactment. It requires the President to impose sanctions on Rosatom leaders, officials, senior executives, board members, and principal shareholders every 180 days beginning on the date specified under existing law.

This section directs the President to increase the rate of duty on all goods imported from the Russian Federation, including oil, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, petroleum, petroleum products, petrochemical products, coal, and coal products, to up to 500 percent ad valorem no later than 30 days after enactment. The new rate applies in addition to any other duties, fees, taxes, or charges.

This section imposes duties of up to 100 percent ad valorem on all goods imported from any of the five largest importers, by volume, of Russian-origin crude oil or natural gas, or from any of the five countries facilitating Russian oil sanctions evasion, beginning no later than 30 days after enactment. It requires the United States Trade Representative to adjust rates between 1 and 100 percent based on a country’s increased or decreased purchases of Russian oil or gas, exempts certain natural gas imports below 15 percent of Russia’s total exports when the importing country reduces purchases, mandates new determinations and duty impositions every 180 days, and requires written justifications to congressional committees before each action.

This section provides exceptions to sanctions under this title for humanitarian assistance including agricultural commodities, food, medicine, and medical devices; intelligence and law enforcement activities; compliance with U.S. obligations under the UN Headquarters Agreement and Vienna Convention on Consular Relations; activities under a U.S.-Russia civilian nuclear cooperation agreement; imports of low-enriched uranium and medical isotopes; official U.S. government and UN business; non-Russian oil transiting Russian territory; operations under preexisting Treasury general licenses; winddown or divestiture activities by non-Russian entities or U.S.-owned entities in Russia during the 270-day period after enactment; provisions for vessel crew safety; and NASA activities.

This section authorizes the President to waive sanctions provisions, restrictions, or duties under this title, upon submission to Congress of a written certification that the waiver serves the national interest of the United States and an accompanying report explaining the basis. Reports must be unclassified (with a classified annex permitted) and may be consolidated when multiple waivers apply to the same section; no report is required for duty rate modifications under section 113(b).

This section authorizes the President to exercise authorities under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to implement sanctions under sections 102 through 111. It applies the penalties in section 206(b) and (c) of that Act to any person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of those sanctions or related orders or regulations.

This section authorizes the President to terminate sanctions, restrictions, or duties under this title with respect to a foreign person or country upon submitting a report to Congress. For Russian persons or the Russian Federation, the report must certify that Russia has signed a peace agreement accepted by Ukraine’s government and ceased all military hostilities and subversion against it. For others, the report must certify that the sanctioned activity has ended and reliable assurances exist against future violations. The termination takes effect only after a 30-day (or 60-day) congressional review period unless Congress enacts a joint resolution of disapproval under expedited procedures.

This section provides that if any provision of the Act is held unconstitutional, the remainder of the Act and its application to other persons or circumstances remain in effect.