H.R. 5428 — Medical Student Education Authorization Act of 2025

This section establishes a grant program under Part B of title VII of the Public Health Service Act, administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration, to support accredited public institutions of higher education in training medical students to serve as primary care physicians in Tribal, rural, or medically underserved communities after residency. (Part B authorizes federal grants for training primary care physicians, physician assistants, and other providers to address shortages and improve access in underserved areas.) Eligibility is limited to institutions in states in the top quartile for projected primary care physician shortages; priority goes to those in states with at least two Indian Tribes or Tribal organizations and with strategic partnerships supporting the program's purposes. Grantees must use funds for activities including (1) community-based training; (2) primary care training programs emphasizing care for Tribal, rural, or underserved communities, including interdisciplinary training; (3) faculty capacity-building; (4) partnerships with Tribes, Tribal Colleges or Universities, Tribal organizations, federally qualified health centers, rural health clinics, Indian Health Service facilities, or primary care clinics; (5) graduate follow-up plans; (6) recruitment and retention of students from such communities; (7) instructor training; (8) residency transition preparation; and (9) scholarships. Grants are for up to five years at not less than $1 million per fiscal year, with a matching requirement of up to 10% non-Federal funds. The section authorizes $75 million for each of FY2026 through FY2028.