H.R. 5334 — Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026

This section defines terms used in the title, including account, correspondent account, and payable-through account; adequate maritime insurance; armed forces of the Russian Federation; blocked property; critical infrastructure in Ukraine across 19 sectors; foreign person; knowing conduct; military invasion; Russian person; and United States person.

This section requires the President, not later than 30 days after enactment and every 180 days thereafter, to review and impose sanctions on the President of the Russian Federation, the Prime Minister, the Ministers of Defense, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Energy, and other listed senior officials, plus the commanders of the armed forces and military districts. It also requires sanctions on foreign persons that knowingly supply goods or services to Russia’s defense industrial base, facilitate transactions with its armed forces, or engage in activities that undermine Ukraine’s government, infrastructure, or territorial integrity.

This section requires the President to impose specified sanctions, including asset blocking and account restrictions, on the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and any subsidiary or successor within 30 days of enactment. It also requires all such sanctions on Sberbank, VTB Bank, Gazprombank, other Russian financial institutions owned in whole or in part by the Government of the Russian Federation, their subsidiaries or successors, and foreign financial institutions engaging in significant transactions with them. The section prohibits United States persons from transacting with those institutions, mandates reviews and updates every 180 days after an initial 210-day period, and provides an exception if the Secretary of the Treasury determines sanctions are inconsistent with United States interests. It further clarifies that interest earned on immobilized Russian sovereign assets need not be returned to the Russian Federation.

This section requires the President to review, within 30 days after enactment and every 180 days thereafter, any entity in which the Government of the Russian Federation has a controlling or majority ownership interest or that is otherwise affiliated with that government, and to impose sanctions blocking all transactions in the entity's property and interests in property that are in the United States, come within the United States, or are within the possession or control of a United States person.

This section prohibits depository institutions and securities brokers or dealers from processing transfers of funds to or from the Government of the Russian Federation, including entities it owns, or for the direct or indirect benefit of its officials, effective 30 days after enactment, except when the transfer is authorized by a specific or general license.

This section directs the Securities and Exchange Commission to prohibit, within 30 days of enactment, the trading on national securities exchanges of securities issued by Russian government officials or affiliated individuals, or by entities in which the Russian government holds a controlling or majority ownership interest or with which it is otherwise affiliated.

This section prohibits new investment in the Russian Federation by United States persons, effective 30 days after enactment. It also bars the exportation, reexportation, sale, or supply of services identified by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to any person in Russia, and prohibits United States persons from approving, financing, facilitating, or guaranteeing such transactions by foreign persons.

This section prohibits new investment in the Russian Federation energy sector by United States persons and bars the export, reexport, or in-country transfer to Russia of any energy or energy product produced in the United States, effective 30 days after enactment. It also requires the President to impose sanctions on any foreign person that knowingly facilitates the production of oil, uranium, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, petroleum, petrochemicals, coal, or related products for use by persons subject to sanctions under sections 102 or 103.

This section directs the President to review, within 30 days of enactment and every 180 days thereafter, any entity operating global financial messaging services that is knowingly used to circumvent sanctions under this title, and to impose sanctions under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act on such entities and their leaders or principal shareholders. It authorizes a waiver for entities subject to an equivalent foreign sanctions regime that have terminated services to sanctioned institutions or that provide significant messaging services to United States financial institutions.

This section directs the President to implement the prohibition on uranium imports from the Russian Federation, including from Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation or any subsidiary, upon enactment. It requires the President to impose sanctions on Rosatom leaders, officials, senior executives, board members, and principal shareholders every 180 days beginning on the date specified in section 3112A(d)(2)(C) of the USEC Privatization Act.

This section directs the President to increase, within 30 days of enactment, the duty rate on all goods imported from the Russian Federation—including oil, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, petroleum, petroleum products, petrochemical products, coal, and coal products—to up to 500 percent ad valorem. The new rate applies in addition to any other duties, fees, taxes, or charges.

This section directs the President to increase duties to as much as 100 percent ad valorem on all goods imported from the five largest importers of Russian crude oil or natural gas, or from the five countries most facilitating Russian oil sanctions evasion, beginning 30 days after enactment. It requires the United States Trade Representative to update the list of covered countries every 180 days, adjust rates between 1 and 100 percent based on changes in purchases, and exempt natural gas imports that were less than 15 percent of Russian exports if the country reduces such imports.

This section exempts from sanctions under this title humanitarian assistance including agricultural commodities, food, medicine, and medical devices to and from Ukraine; intelligence and law enforcement activities; compliance with U.S. international obligations and civilian nuclear cooperation agreements; imports of low-enriched uranium and medical isotopes; official U.S. government and United Nations business; non-Russian oil transiting Russia; activities under pre-existing Treasury general licenses; winddown or divestiture operations for 270 days; provisions for vessel and crew safety; and National Aeronautics and Space Administration activities.

This section authorizes the President to waive any sanctions, person-specific restrictions, or duties under this title, provided the President first submits to Congress a written certification that the waiver serves U.S. national interests and an accompanying explanatory report. Reports must be unclassified (with a classified annex permitted) and may be consolidated when they address waivers of the same section; no report is required for duty-rate modifications under section 113(b).

This section authorizes the President to exercise authorities under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to implement sanctions under sections 102 through 111. It applies the penalties in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of that Act to any person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of those sanctions or related orders or regulations.

This section authorizes the President to terminate sanctions, restrictions, or duties under this title upon submitting a report to Congress certifying that Russia has signed a peace agreement accepted by Ukraine and ceased all military hostilities, or that other sanctioned foreign persons or countries have ended and will not resume the prohibited activity. It delays any termination for 30 calendar days (or 60 calendar days if the report is submitted July 10 through September 7) and provides expedited procedures for Congress to enact a joint resolution of disapproval blocking the termination.

This section provides that if any provision of this division is held unconstitutional, the remainder of the division and its application to other persons or circumstances remain in effect.