H.R. 2913 — Ukraine Support Act

This section expresses the sense of Congress that the United States must include Ukraine in any discussions of its future, condemns Russian war crimes including the forced deportation of at least 19,000 Ukrainian children, reaffirms support for Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, urges the immediate withdrawal of all Russian forces from Ukrainian territory including Crimea and the Donbas, demands the children’s safe return, supports prosecution of Russian leaders for war crimes and genocide, and requires that any peace agreement include Ukraine and European allies.

This section reaffirms the United States' full and unwavering commitment to NATO and Article 5 collective defense obligations. It states that NATO remains vital to U.S. national security, supports the alliance's open door policy including for Ukraine, honors NATO coalition soldiers who died after the September 11, 2001 attacks, urges all allies to dedicate at least 2 percent of GDP to defense or establish plans to do so by the Washington Summit, and calls for continued NATO cooperation on advanced defense technologies, counterintelligence, and cybersecurity.

This section expresses the sense of Congress that Russia’s abduction and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children, including through illegal adoptions, constitutes acts of genocide under the Genocide Convention, that these actions aim to erase Ukrainian identity, and that the Russian government bears full responsibility for them.

This section prioritizes support by the United States International Development Finance Corporation under title II of the BUILD Act of 2018 in Ukraine and in less developed countries with a low-income or lower-middle-income economy. It exempts Ukraine from the restrictions on support in upper-middle-income countries, which require a presidential certification that the support furthers US national economic or foreign policy interests and is designed to produce significant developmental outcomes or benefits to the poorest population.

This section expands eligibility for federal war risk insurance and reinsurance under chapter 539 of title 46, United States Code, to vessels owned by citizens of NATO member countries, Ukraine, or other countries designated by the Secretary of State in the interest of national security, when such vessels transport cargo to or from Ukraine. It applies for 5 years from the date of enactment and waives the cargo restrictions in section 53903(a)(3)(B) through (D) for that trade.

This section establishes the Insurance for Ukraine Initiative in the Department of State to provide war risk insurance that bolsters confidence in Ukraine’s economic recovery, encourages European allies to invest, promotes Ukraine’s EU accession and grain exports, and coordinates with private insurers. It directs the Secretary of State to submit annual reports for four years assessing progress toward those objectives and to provide diplomatic support to countries offering such insurance.

This section establishes a Special Coordinator for Ukrainian Reconstruction within the Department of State. The coordinator is appointed by and reports directly to the Secretary of State, must possess private sector experience and knowledge of Ukraine, and assists in coordinating federal agencies and the U.S. Development Finance Corporation to support Ukraine's post-war reconstruction and mobilize private capital.

This section authorizes $250,000,000 for Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty for fiscal year 2026. It directs the organization to evaluate Russian disinformation in Eurasia, expand Russian-language investigative journalism, improve the Ukraine bureau, and increase digital services to reach Russian-speaking audiences. It requires the President to report within 90 days on recommended new bureau locations, staffing needs, and the impact of Russian restrictions on the organization.

This section directs the Secretary of State to prioritize use of the Countering Russian Influence Fund to assist Ukraine in detecting and combating Russian disinformation and developing new defense strategies and technologies. It also requires submission, within 60 days of enactment, of a plan to the House Foreign Affairs and Senate Foreign Relations Committees that addresses Russian malign influence operations, media literacy programs, detection of troll farm and bot content, and increased support for independent media outlets serving Ukrainian and Russian-speaking audiences.

This section establishes the Ukraine Reconstruction Trust Fund in the Treasury, funded by net revenues from taxes imposed under section 892A of the Internal Revenue Code. Amounts in the fund are available to the Secretary of State, subject to appropriations, for reconstruction and rebuilding, humanitarian assistance, long-term economic growth and private sector development, and transparent governance in Ukraine, and must meet all requirements of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. The Secretary must report annually for four years on fund uses to the House committees on Foreign Affairs, Ways and Means, and Appropriations and the Senate committees on Foreign Relations, Finance, and Appropriations.

This section directs the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and other relevant agencies, to develop a strategy to strengthen United States-European nuclear energy cooperation and combat Russian malign influence in the nuclear energy sector in Europe. The strategy must assess reactor types and fuel cycles for their potential to reduce Russian market share by 2030 through 2050, review United States-funded nuclear technologies, and cover diplomatic engagements and nuclear policies in European countries with active programs.

This section extends the lend-lease authority for defense articles to Ukraine and Eastern European countries impacted by Russia's invasion through fiscal year 2028 (from fiscal year 2023). It requires the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, to submit a report to Congress within 90 days of any use of the authority describing the articles loaned or leased and a strategy and timeline for their recovery and return.

This section authorizes up to $8 billion in direct loans through fiscal year 2026 for Ukraine and North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies under the Arms Export Control Act, notwithstanding existing limits. It makes unobligated Foreign Military Financing balances available for loan and loan guarantee costs and applies the terms of section 2606 of the Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2022 with the loan ceiling raised to $8 billion (from $4 billion).

This section authorizes the Secretary of State to carry out programs to build the capacity of the national militaries and border guard forces of Baltic countries, pursuant to the 2024 Bilateral Defense Cooperation Roadmaps for 2024–2028. It authorizes $30 million for Foreign Military Financing grants and $4 million for Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related programs for each Baltic country for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2028. It requires the Secretary to brief the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and House Foreign Affairs Committee within 120 days on Baltic security needs, fund disbursement plans, and allied support.

This section authorizes $300 million for the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative for each of fiscal years 2026 and 2027, and extends the initiative through December 31, 2027 (from December 31, 2026).

This section requires the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, to submit reports every 90 days beginning 90 days after enactment to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and House Foreign Affairs Committee. Each report must detail allied and partner military contributions to Ukraine by country and platform type, current Ukrainian operational needs, and U.S. efforts to meet those needs through U.S. arms transfers or facilitation of allied transfers; reports are unclassified with a possible classified annex.

This section requires the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense, to submit classified reports to the House and Senate foreign affairs and intelligence committees. The first report is due 120 days after enactment and subsequent reports every 90 days thereafter. Each report must detail current U.S. intelligence support to Ukrainian military and intelligence services, analyze the consequences of ending that support on targeting and battlefield effectiveness, and describe U.S. efforts to strengthen Ukrainian intelligence, counterintelligence, and cybersecurity capabilities.

This section directs the President to determine, no later than 15 days after enactment and at least every 90 days thereafter, whether the Russian Federation or any proxy is conducting a war of aggression against Ukraine, refusing to negotiate a peace agreement with Ukraine, or violating any such agreement.

This section requires the President, within 15 days of an affirmative determination under section 301, to impose sanctions on at least three of the following Russian financial institutions: Sberbank, VTB, Gazprombank, VEB.RF, the Russian Direct Investment Fund, Credit Bank of Moscow, Alfa Bank, Rosselkhozbank, FC Bank Otkritie, Promsvyazbank, Sovcombank, Transkapitalbank, and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. It also requires the President to submit lists of additional significant Russian government-owned financial institutions to the appropriate congressional committees within 30 days and every 90 days thereafter, and to impose sanctions on each listed entity.

This section requires the President, within 15 days of an affirmative determination under section 301, to impose the sanctions described in section 317 on all Russian companies operating primarily in the oil and gas extraction, refinement, or production sector; the coal extraction, mining, refinement, or production sector; or the mineral extraction and processing sector.

This section requires the President, within 15 days of an affirmative determination under section 301, to impose sanctions on 22 specified Russian officials, including the President, Prime Minister, ministers of defense, foreign affairs, energy, finance, and transport, and commanders of the armed forces branches. It further directs the President to submit lists of additional senior military and government officials involved in operations every 90 days and impose sanctions on those listed.

This section requires the President to impose the sanctions described in section 317 on all foreign persons that knowingly participate in the construction, maintenance, or repair of a tunnel or bridge connecting the Russian mainland with the Crimean peninsula, no later than 15 days after an affirmative determination under section 301.

This section requires the President, within 15 days of an affirmative determination under section 301, to impose sanctions under section 317 on foreign persons that have endangered the integrity or safety of, or undermined Ukrainian operational control over, the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Station since the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It exempts persons seeking to restore such control.

This section requires the President, within 15 days of an affirmative determination under section 301, to impose sanctions on Rosatom, its subsidiaries, and any foreign person that knowingly engages in significant nuclear reactor construction transactions with Rosatom. It authorizes a waiver for transactions involving medical or industrial isotopes if the President certifies that domestic production is insufficient and the United States is establishing non-Russian supply chains.

This section requires the President to impose sanctions on any foreign vessel knowingly transporting Russian oil above the G7 price cap within 15 days of an affirmative determination. It exempts provisions for vessel and crew safety from those sanctions. It also directs the Secretaries of State and Treasury to submit a strategy to enhance international compliance with the price cap policy to the House Foreign Affairs and Senate Foreign Relations Committees within 60 days of enactment, including a list of noncompliant countries, known evasion methods, and assessments of incentives or additional sanctions.

This section directs the President to impose sanctions on any global financial communication service that continues providing messaging services to listed financial institutions more than 15 days after an affirmative determination. It treats the use of intermediary institutions as enabling or facilitating access to such services.

This section directs the President to prohibit all transactions by United States persons involving sovereign debt of the Government of the Russian Federation, including governmental bonds, issued on or after the date of enactment, within 30 days after making an affirmative determination under section 302.

This section requires the President to impose sanctions under section 317, within 15 days of an affirmative determination under section 301, on foreign persons that transfer arms or material support from North Korea to Russia for use in Ukraine, that supply weapons-related goods or services to North Korea for Russian forces, that facilitate such transactions, or that assist the logistical movement of North Korean personnel or arms. It also requires the President to submit reports to the appropriate congressional committees within 90 days of enactment and every 180 days thereafter detailing North Korean troop deployments, casualties, battlefield effects, sanctioned entities, foreign government support, and a U.S. strategy to counter such activities, with the reports submitted in unclassified form.

This section directs the President to impose the sanctions described in section 317 on all foreign persons who have directed or participated in the kidnapping and wrongful patriation of Ukrainian children, within 15 days after an affirmative determination under section 301.

This section subjects foreign-produced items that are direct products of specified US-origin technology or software, or produced by plants that are such direct products, to Export Administration Regulations controls if destined for or involving the Russian Federation, applying a presumption of applicability. It excepts food, medicine, medical devices designated EAR99 or not on the Commerce Control List, and certain communications services, software, or hardware not for Iranian government end-users. It also requires the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of State, in coordination with other agencies, to develop and submit within 60 days strategies to prevent exports to Iran of technologies for unmanned aircraft systems, including microcontrollers, voltage regulators, digital signal controllers, GPS modules, and microprocessors.

This section directs the President, within 15 days of an affirmative determination under section 301, to increase the rate of duty on all goods and services imported from the Russian Federation to not less than 500 percent ad valorem. It also requires the President to submit a report to the House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Finance Committee within 60 days on the impact of the tariffs on exports to the United States.

This section prohibits the importation into the United States of all products classified under chapter 27 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule that were produced at any refinery using crude oil originating in the Russian Federation. It applies the existing civil and criminal penalties under the Ending Importation of Russian Oil Act to violations of the new prohibition.

This section imposes a 100 percent tax on interest and dividends payable with respect to assets of the governments of Russia and Belarus that are blocked under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. It requires withholding of the tax at source and applies the tax notwithstanding any treaty obligation, effective for amounts received after the date of enactment.

This section requires the President to block all property and interests in property of sanctioned foreign persons that are in the United States or under the control of a United States person. It also renders such persons inadmissible to the United States, bars them from receiving visas or other entry benefits, and mandates immediate revocation of any existing visas. Finally, it directs the United States Executive Director at each international financial institution to oppose any loan, loan guarantee, or equity investment that would benefit a sanctioned foreign person.

This section authorizes the President to exercise authorities under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to implement the title. It requires the President to issue regulations, licenses, and orders necessary for implementation. Violations are subject to penalties under section 206 of that Act.

This section exempts from sanctions the admission of aliens necessary to comply with the UN Headquarters Agreement or other international obligations. It also exempts transactions involving agricultural commodities, food, medicine, medical devices, humanitarian assistance, and related financial transactions, as well as authorized intelligence, law enforcement, and national security activities. The section authorizes the President to waive sanctions if extraordinarily vital to national security, with at least 15 days' prior notice to Congress.

This section authorizes the President to terminate sanctions, export controls, duties, prohibitions, or penalties imposed under this title upon certifying to Congress that the Russian Federation has ceased conducting a war of aggression against Ukraine or violated a negotiated peace agreement. It requires immediate reimposition of all such measures if Russia restarts the war or violates the agreement.

This section requires the President to submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees and leadership before terminating sanctions, export controls, duties, or prohibitions on Russia; waiving such measures for a specific person; or taking a licensing action that significantly alters US foreign policy toward Russia. The report must describe the action, its foreign policy effects, national security implications, and original policy objectives, and it establishes a 30-day period for committee review through hearings and briefings.

This section defines terms for the title, including "war of aggression" as any ground, amphibious, or airborne assault, naval or aerial blockade, drone or missile attack, or cyber attack with physical effects in Ukraine within the prior 30 days. It also incorporates existing statutory meanings for admission, alien, financial institution, foreign person, and United States person.